| ● Supports bone health, muscle function, and cardiovascular health (36,37). ● Regulates processes of bone resorption, mineralization, and fracture repair (36,37). ● Increases the effect of physical exercise on bone mineral acquisition in the period preceding puberty (36,37). ● Prevents the development of preeclampsia (36,37). |
| ● Serves as a cofactor in more than 150 enzymatic reactions associated in blood sugar regulation, immunity, cardiovascular function, neuronal health, metabolic, and digestive health (38, 40). ● Reduces plasma glucose (blood sugar levels) via by inhibiting the activity of small-intestinal α-glucosidases (enzymes associated with glucose metabolism) (39). ● Functions as an antioxidant by counteracting the formation of reactive oxygen species (inflammatory markers) and advanced glycation end-products (38,40). ● May support blood sugar regulation in women with gestational diabetes (40). ● Cofactor for enzymes involved in DNA metabolism (40). |
| ● Supports optimal nerve function, muscle contractions, cardiovascular, bone health, and decreased anxiety (90,91). ● Supports biological reactions such as ATP fueled reactions and pancreatic insulin secretion (90,91). ● Supports reduction systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and healthy HDL levels (90,91). ● Reduces peripheral cortisol levels in the CNS and supports relaxation and decreased anxiety (90,91).
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| ● Decreases anxiety, supports positive mood, supports gut brain axis, and an improved sleep cycle (259,260). ● Decreases anxiety via increases in 5 HTP (259, 260). ● Improves circadian rhythm via increased natural melatonin production (259,260). ● Supports gut brain axis via natural increased production of serotonin in gut neurons (260). |
| ● Supports immune health, vision health, immune health, and aids as a neuroprotective agent (261,262). ● Supports immune function via carotenoid and polyphenolic free radical scavenging capabilities, reduced DNA damage, and reduced inflammatory cytokines (261). ● Supports vision health via ocular neuroprotective effects zeaxanthin content (found in goji berry) (262). ● Increases neuronal protection with potent ameliorative effects onneuronal oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and neuronal cell death (262). |
| ● Supports healthy sleep, relaxation, reduced anxiety, and antioxidant support (251,252,253). ● Supports antioxidant function due to high levels of quercetin (flavonoid antioxidant) (251,252,253). ● Supports sleep via increases in parasympathetic (relaxation mode) activity, increased benzodiazepine-like hypnotic activity (sleep inducer), and attachment to GABA receptors (251,252,253). |
| ● Supports healthy sleep, relaxation, reduced anxiety, and antioxidant support (254,255). ● Supports antioxidant function via ability to scavenge free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, increased glutathione production (master antioxidant) combat DNA damage (254,225). ● Supports relaxed sleep via enhanced REM cycles reduced stress at bedtime (254,225). |
| ● Reduces stress, enhances sleep, and improved mood (248). ● Enhances positive mood and sleep via regulated gamma‐aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABAA) activity (receptor which controls sleep) (248). |
| ● Supports hydration, increased energy, antioxidant function, and increases fat metabolism during aerobic exercise (242,243). ● Supports antioxidant function via combating reactive oxygen species (243). ● Increases fat metabolism during exercise via enhanced mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (cells using fat as fuel) (242). |
| ● Combats depression, anxiety, reduces triglycerides and supports a positive mood (246,247). |
| ● Combats depression and supports a positive mood (249,250). |
| ● Supports relaxation, positive mood, increased memory, reduced anxiety, blood sugar regulation, and increased growth hormone production (102). |
| ● Supports calming mood and relaxation. |
| ● Unique non-protein amino acid found in green tea (Camellia sinensis) (53). ● Supports mood, mental clarity, and cognitive health, memory, and is a natural anti-depressant/neuroprotective agent (53). ● Aids as an antidepressant due to partial antagonism for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor manifesting its cognitive optimizing effects (53). ● Reduces the neuropsychiatric side effects of chronic adolescent THC exposure (54). |
| ● Supports cardiovascular, hormonal, immune, healthy weight loss, mood, and optimized sleep (82,83). ● Reduces stress hormone cortisol resulting in improved body composition, sex hormone profile, and mood (82,83). ● Improves exercise performance via increased V02 max, muscular endurance, muscle hypertrophy (muscle growth), and decreased muscular fatigue (83). ● Improves quality of sleep by enhancing sleep recovery, reducing plasma cortisol concentrations, and enhancing REM sleep cycles (83). ● Supports hormonal and immune health via reduced production of inflammatory molecules (reactive oxygen species) and simultaneous increases in sex hormones (84). |
| ● Supports liver detoxification, combats metabolic syndrome, and aids as an antioxidant (221). ● Combats metabolic syndrome via reduced levels of triglycerides, total- and LDL-cholesterol (221).
● Supports antioxidant function via reduced levels of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory markers (interleukin 6) (222). |
| ● Supports healthy sleep patterns, mood, reduced anxiety, and supports the gut brain axis (261). ● Supports healthy sleep patterns via enhanced circadian rhythm and increased natural melatonin production (261). ● Supports gut brain axis via natural increased production of serotonin (neurotransmitter) in gut neurons (260, 261). |
| ● Supports healthy sleep patterns, immune function, and antioxidant support (256,257, 258). ● Supports healthy circadian rhythms, and improves the onset, duration, and quality of sleep. ● Supports immune function via improved free radical scavenging capacity (258). |
| ● Reduces stress, enhances sleep, and improves mood (244,245). ● Enhances positive mood and sleep via regulated gamma‐aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABAA) activity (receptor which controls sleep) (244, 245). |
